Exploring Fundamental Causes of Food Waste and Direct Donations through Analyzing Existing Solutions and Discrete Event Simulations
This paper investigates the persistent issue of Food Loss and Waste (FLW) in the U.S., where 78 million tons of food waste contribute to 5.2% of greenhouse gas emissions and cost 1.8% of GDP annually. Analyzing the Food Supply Chain (FSC), it identifies causes of waste at production, handling, distribution, and consumption stages. The study highlights successful solutions like IFCO’s Reusable Packaging Containers and Apeel’s edible coatings, emphasizing the need for cost-efficient, scalable innovations. Using Discrete Event Simulation, the paper explores Direct Donations—connecting edible surplus directly to those in need—as a complement to food bank donations. Despite higher waste rates (37.8% vs. 6.1% for food banks), Direct Donations could reduce landfill use by processing household surplus that food banks often reject. The research suggests pilot programs in high-density cities, particularly in developing countries, and proposes a nonprofit platform to address legal and logistical barriers, optimizing information and resource flow to enhance adoption.
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