Backyard composting is the most familiar method. You collect food scraps and yard trimmings in a bin or open pile and let nature break them down into a dark, crumbly soil amendment. The EPA describes it as combining greens, browns, water, and air.
How it works
Layer nitrogen-rich greens (fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds) with carbon-rich browns (dry leaves, shredded paper). Keep the pile as damp as a wrung-out sponge and turn it every week or two to add oxygen. Finished compost is usually ready in a few months.
Pros and cons
It is low-cost and handles both food and yard waste, but it needs outdoor space and a little regular attention. Meat and dairy are best left out to avoid pests. Not sure what to add? See our acceptable food waste list.